Artificial intelligence tools designed for hacking could ultimately improve cyber defence systems if they are properly secured, according to the UK’s top cyber security official.
The warning follows growing attention around advanced AI models such as Claude Mythos, which has raised concerns due to its reported ability to identify and exploit system vulnerabilities at a high level.
Its developer, Anthropic, has stated that the model demonstrates strong hacking capabilities and is currently limiting access to governments, major technology companies, and financial institutions. The goal is to reduce the risk of misuse before wider release.
However, the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre has taken a more balanced view. Director Richard Horne argues that advanced AI systems could become a “net positive” for cyber security if used responsibly and secured properly.
He says the real challenge is not just the technology itself, but ensuring that organisations maintain strong basic security practices while adapting to new AI-driven threats.
Horne is expected to address these issues at the CyberUK conference, where he will highlight how rapidly evolving AI tools are already exposing weaknesses in existing digital systems. He stresses that many security breaches still occur because fundamental protections are not in place.
The UK government is also encouraging closer collaboration with AI developers. Security officials are urging companies to work alongside public agencies to strengthen national cyber defence capabilities.
Concerns remain that tools like Mythos could be misused if they fall into the wrong hands. Experts warn that such systems could enable large-scale cyber attacks or data breaches if not carefully controlled.
Despite these risks, officials believe AI can also play a defensive role. It may help detect vulnerabilities faster, automate threat detection, and strengthen overall digital infrastructure.
The debate highlights a growing tension in cybersecurity: balancing innovation with risk prevention as AI systems become more powerful and widely available.
